Electrical Transmission Of Power



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- N. TESLA.

ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION OF POWER.

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.Patented May 1, 1888.

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Pat'ented May 1, 18.88.

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Y N. TESLA.

BLEGTRIGAL TRANSMISSION 0F POWER. No. 382,281.

WITNESSES, ggz/152% f UNITED STATES- PATENT Ormea;

NIKOL TESLA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION OF POWER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Ittcrl Patent No. 382.281. M1011 May l. 1939 v Driginnl application died November 30, 1837, Serial No. 256,562. Divided sud this application led March 9. 188B. Serial No .To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NIKOLL TESLA, from Emiljau, Lilia, border` country of Austria-Huugary, and residing in the city, county, and

State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Electric Transmission of Power, of which the following is a specification, this application being a division of an application tiled by me November 30,

xo 1887, Serial No; 256,562.

In a previous application tiled by me--viz.', No. 252,132, filed October 12, 1887-1 hav( set orth an improvement in motors and in the mode or method of operating the same, which,

generally stated, consists in progressively and continuously shifting the poles or lines of maximum magnetic effect of either the iie1d magnets or armature, or both, of a motor, and thereby producing a movement of rotation in 'zo the motor. `The means which I have shown 'i'or effecting this, while varying in detail, are exeinpliiied in the following system, which, for present purposes, it will be suiiicient to consides es a typical embodiment of the inven- :egg tion.

The motor is wound with coils forming in` dependent energizing-circuits on the armature, which is a cylinder or disk mounted to rotate between two opposite magnetic poles.

3o These coils are connected up with corresponding induced or current-producing circuits in an alteruatingcu rrent generator. As a result of this, when the 'generator is set in motion, currents of alternatelybpposite direction are directed through the energizing-coils of the motor in such manner as to produce a pro gressive shifting or rotation of the magnetic poisse? 'the motor-armature. This movement of 'the poles of the armature obviously tends to .so rotate the armature in the opposite direction to that in which the movement of the poles takes place, owing to the attractive force between said poles and the held-magnets, and the speed of rotation increases from the start nntil it equals that of the generator, supposing both motor and generator to be alike.

As the magnetic poles of the armature are shifted in a direction opposite to that in which the armature rotates, it will be apparent that 5o when the normal speed is attained the poles of (No model.)

the armature will assume a fixed position rela tively to the field-magnets, and that in conse= quence the field-magnets will be energized by magnetic induction exhibiting two distinct poles, one on each of the pole-pieces. In starting the motor, however, the speed of the -armature being comparatively slow, the polepieces are subjected to rapid reversals of magnetic polarity; but as the speed increases these nreversals' become less and less frequent and finally cease,wheu the movement of the arma-A ture becomes `synchronous with that of the generator. This being the case, the field-cores or the pole-pieces of the motor become a magnet, but by induction only.

Ihave found that advantageous results are secured by winding the eldmaguets with a coil or coils and passing a continuous current through them, thus maintaining a permanent held, and in this feature mypresent invention consists.

I shall now describe the apparatus which I have devised for carrying out this invention and explain the inode of using or operating the saine. l

Figure 1 is an end view iu elevation of my improved motor. Fig. 2 is a part horizontal central section, and Fig. 3 is .a diagrammatic representation of the motor and generator combined and connected for operation. v

Let A Ain Fig. l represent the legs or pole pieces of a field-magnet, around which are coils B B, included in the circuit of a continuons-eurrent generator, C, which is adapted to impart magnetism to the said poles'in the ordinary manner.

D' D are two independent coils wound lupon a suitable cylindrical or equivalent armaturecore, which, like all others used in a similar manner, should be split or.dividedl up into alternate magnetic and insulating parts in the usual way. This armature is mounted in nonmagnetic cross-bars E E, secured to the poles of the field-magnet. yThe terminals of the armature-coilsD D' are connected to insulated sliding contaotrings a a b b,'carried by the armature-shaft, and 'brushes c o bear upon these rings to convey to the coils the currents which operate the motor.

The generator for operating this motor is or may be of precisely identical construction, and iorconvenienceofreference I have marked in Fig. 3 its parts, as follows: F F, the fieldnragnets energized by a continuons current passing in its eld-coils G G; H H', the coils carried by the cylindrical armature; d d e e, the friction or collecting rings carried by the armature-shaft and forming the terminals of `the armature-coils; andff the collectingbrushes which deliver the currents developed in the armature-coils to the two circuits g g', which connect the generator with the motor.

The operation of this system will be understood from the foregoing. The action of the generator by causing a progressive shifting of the poles in the motor-armature sets up in the latter a rotation opposite in direction to that iu which the poles move. If, now, the continuous current be directed through the field-coils so as to strongly energize the magnet A A, the speed ,of the motor, which depends upon thatof the generator, will not bcincreased, but the power which produces its rotation will be increased in proportion to the energy snpplied throngh the coils B B. It is characteristie of this motor that its direction of rotation is not reversed by reversing the direction ot the current through its eldcoils, for vthe direction of rotation depends not upon the polarity ofthe eld, but upon the direction in .which the poles of the armature aro shifted. 'Io reverse themotor the connections of either of the circuits g g must be reversed.

I have found that if the field-magnet of the motor be strongly energized bylits coils B B,l and thecircuits through the armature-coils closed, assuming the generator to be running at a certain speed, the motor will not start; but if the field be but slightly energized, or in general in such condition that the magnetic influence of the armature preponderates in determining its magnetic condition, the motor will start, and with snicient current will reach its maximum or normal' speed. For this reason it is desirable to keep at the start, and until the motor has attained its normal speed, or nearly so, the field-circuit open, or to permit but'little current to pass through it. I have found, however, if the fields of both the generator and motor be strongly energized that starting the generator starts the motor, and that the speed of the motor isincrcased in synchronism with the generator.

Motors constructed and operated on this principle maintain almost absolutely the same speed for all loads within their normal working-limits, and in practice I have observed that it the motor be overloaded to such au extent as to check its speed the speed of the generator, if its motive power be not too great, is diminished synchronously with that of thc motor.

I have in other applications shown how the construction of these or similar motors may be varied in certain well-known ways-as, for instance, by rotating the field about a stationary armature or rotating conductors within the field-but I do not illustrate these features further herein, as with theillustration which I have given I regard the rest as within the power of a person skilled in the art to construct.

I arn aware that a device embodying the characteristics of a motorand having a per-- inanently-magnetized field-magnet has been operated by passin through independent coils on its armature a irect or continuous current in opposite directions. Such a system, however, I do not regard as capable of the practical applications for'which my invention is designed, nor is it the same in principle or modeof operation, mainly iu.that the shifting ofthe poles is intermittent and not contin ons, and that there is necessarily involved a waste of energy.

In my present application I do notlimlt myself to any special form of motor, nor of the means for producing the alternating currents as distinguished from what are called reversed currents7 and I may excite or energize the field of the motor and of the generator by any source of current which will produce the desired result.

"The method herein described of transmitting power by electro-magnetic motors,which consists in continuously and progressively shifting the poles of one element of the motor by alternating currents and magnetizing the other element by a direct o r continuous current. as set forth.

N IKOLA TESL'A. 

